Histopathological Biocompatibility Evaluation of TheraCal PT, NeoMTA, and MTA Angelus in a Murine Model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex in a murine model with different treatments with MTA Angelus, NeoMTA, and TheraCal PT. An in vivo controlled experimental study of 15 male Wistar rats forming three study groups, the upper and lower central incisors were selected where pulpotomies were conducted, leaving a central incisor as control at 15, 30, and 45 days. For data analysis, these were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were examined by Kruskal-Wallis test. Three factors were analyzed as follows: "inflammatory infiltrate; disorganization of pulp tissue, and the formation of reparative dentin". No statistical significance was found between the different groups (p > 0.05). Treatment with these three biomaterials (MTA, TheraCal PT, and Neo MTA) presented an inflammatory infiltrate and slight disorganization of the odontoblast layer in the pulp tissue of a murine model, with normal coronary pulp tissue and the formation of reparative dentin in the three experimental groups. Thus, we are able to conclude that all three are biocompatible materials.

Use and effectiveness of propolis on chronic periodontitis: a systematic review / Uso y efectividad del propóleo en periodontitis crónica: una revisión sistemática

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of propolis on non- surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) as it appears in the recent literature. Propolis is a natural and biocompatible resinous substance that has shown, by means of several scientific studies, to possess medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, healing, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic, among others. There are several studies that have reported the use of propolis as a non- surgical treatment of CP, its comparison with other antimicrobials, and the improvement of clinical and microbiological parameters with scaling and root planing (SRP). A bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases up to 2021. The results showed that there are very few reports focused on clinical studies; however, according to the analyzed data, propolis could be a good adjuvant for the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis compared to the conventional treatment (SRP).

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del propóleo sobre la terapia periodontal no quirúrgica en pacientes con periodontitis crónica (PC) en la literatura reciente. El propóleo es una sustancia resinosa natural y biocompatible que ha sido demostrado a través de varios estudios científicos que posee propiedades medicinales como antimicrobianas, cicatrizantes, anestésicas, antiinflamatorias, analgésicas, entre otras. Existen varios estudios que han reportado el uso del propóleo como tratamiento no quirúrgico de la PC y su comparación con otros antimicrobianos y la mejora de los parámetros clínicos y microbiológicos con el raspado y alisado radicular (SRP). Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos directas de PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science y Science hasta el 2021. Los resultados muestran que existen muy pocos reportes enfocados a estudios clínicos, sin embargo, según los datos analizados, el propóleo podría ser un buen adyuvante para el tratamiento de pacientes con periodontitis crónica en comparación con el tratamiento convencional (SRP).

In-Vitro silanization of dental enamel to prevent demineralization / Silanización in vitro sobre esmalte dental para prevenir desmineralización

Abstract Caries is a multifactorial disease that can negatively affect dental tissues through the demineralization process, which produces acids deriving from the metabolism of carbohydrates. Some strategies to prevent this process have been proposed, such as topical fluoride application, resin-based restorations, pit and fissures sealers, infiltrated resins, vaccines, mouthwashes, and several brushing techniques. Objective. To evaluate in vitro enamel hydrophobic modification as a method of prevention against demineralization. A descriptive and comparative study was carried out. Thirty premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were obtained, encapsulated in epoxy resin, sectioned, and sanded to obtain specimens 3mm in thickness. The samples were pretreated with NaOCl and EDTA, incubated with 1 and 4% octadeyltrichlorosilane (OTS) or with 3 and 6% octadecyltriethoxysilane (TEOS) for 5min and for 8h. Subsequently, the samples were immersed in citric acid for 2 months. The samples were analyzed by their contact angle, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic and confocal force, before and after treatment in citric acid. The samples coated with 1 and 4% OTS for 5min and 8h kept the silanizing agent on their surface after 2 months in citric acid. The treatment with TEOS was only effective at 6% with a reaction time of 5min. The modification with 1 and 4% OTS protects the surface of the tooth enamel from demineralization in acidic medium. The results indicate that treatment with 4% OTS is effective from 5min, which makes it appropriate in clinical practice.

Resumen Introducción. Caries es una enfermedad multifactorial que destruye en tejido dental por la desmineralización de ácidos generados en el metabolismo de carbohidratos. Algunos métodos preventivos, como fluoruro, resinas, selladores de fosetas y fisuras, resinas infiltradas, vacunas, enjuagues bucales, y un sinfín de técnicas de cepillado, han sido empleadas. Objetivo. Evaluar in vitro la modificación hidrofoba del esmalte como método preventivo en contra de la desmineralización. Materiales y Métodos. Un estudio decriptivo y comparativo fue empleado. Se obtuvieron treinta premolares sanos extraidos por razones ortodónticas y encapsulados en resina epóxica, seccionados y pulidos hasta obtener especímenes de 3mm de grosor. Las muestras fueron pretratadas con NaOCl y EDTA, incubadas en octadeciltriclosorilano (OTS) al 1 y 4% y octadeciltrietoxisilano (TEOS) 3 y 6% por 5min y 8h. Después, las muestras fueron sumergidas en ácido cítrico por 2 meses. Las muestras fueron analizadas con ángulo de contacto, espectroscopía infrarroja, microscopía electrónica de barrido, atómica y confocal, antes y después de tratamiento con ácido cítrico. Resultados. Las muestras cubiertas con OTS 1 y 4% por 5min y 8h mantuvieron el agente silanizante sobre la superficie después de 2 meses en ácido cítrico. El tratamiento con TEOS fue efectivo al 6% y con un tiempo de reacción de 5min. Conclusiones. La modificación con 1 y 4% de OTS proteje la superficie del esmalte dental contra la desmineralización en un medio ácido. Estos resultados indican que el tratamiento con OTS 4% es efectivo desde 5min de aplicación, lo cual es apropiado en la práctica clínica.

Age-related Variations at the Cementodentinal Junction: An Ex Vivo Study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the age-related anatomical changes that take place at the cementodentinal junction (CDJ). METHODS: Eighty-four teeth were extracted; 42 samples came from patients ranging in age from 18 to 30 years, and 42 came from patients aged from 40 to 60 years. Upper and lower and anterior and posterior teeth were included. Longitudinal slices were made, and 1% toluidine blue was used to stain all the samples prior to microscopic examination. Anatomical landmarks (apical foramen [AF], apical vertex, and cementoenamel junction) in the apical third were identified, and a pre-calibrated software package was employed to take digital measurements. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: The data obtained showed that there were anatomical variations in the apical third in the older patients and that these changes were related to the age of the patient. Narrower root canals and smaller CDJ diameters were found in older patients' samples. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that instrumentation and obturation should take place 1 mm from the AF in older patients, and not 0.5 mm, as is usually recommended.

Análisis Elemental de las Propiedades Morfológicas, Físicas y Químicas de Dos Instrumentos Rotatorios Protaper Universal

RESUMEN: Los instrumentos rotatorios utilizados en el tratamiento de conductos dentales necesitan cumplir con ciertas características físicas que le confieran un uso correcto, adecuado y seguro para su uso clínico. En el mercado comercial existen una serie de instrumentos importados que dejan en duda la autenticidad de estos debido a sus bajos costos. En este estudio evaluamos física, química y morfológicamente dos kits de instrumentos rotatorios Protaper universal (Dentsply) mediante análisis de MEB, EDX, microdureza y EDS. Uno de los kits (grupo 1) se adquirió directamente de la casa comercial y otro kit importado que a simple vista no parecía cumplir con los estándares de calidad de un correcto empaquetado (grupo 2). En el análisis de MEB se observaron características morfológicas muy diferentes entre ambos kits, el grupo 2 presentó diversas irregularidades en la superficie de las limas, sin embargo, en el EDS no se encontró diferencia alguna. En cuanto al análisis de microdureza se observó una estadística estadísticamente significativa y en el EDS se observaron mayores picos de intensidad en cuanto a la aleación de Ni-Ti en el grupo 2. Estos resultados sugieren que existen instrumentos rotatorios importados que a pesar de su bajo costo pueden presentar ciertas características muy similares a los kits auténticos, sin embargo, física y químicamente pueden resultar en un riesgo para su uso clínico debido a la diferencia entre estos.

ABSTRACT: Rotatory files are instruments used in the treatment of dental canals roots. These instruments need to comply with certain physical characteristics for a correct, adequate and safe use for clinical use. In the commercial market there are a series of imported instruments that cast doubt on their authenticity due to their low costs. In this study we physically, chemically and morphologically evaluated two Protaper universal rotary instrument kits (Dentsply) using SEM, EDX, microhardness and EDS analysis. One of the kits (group 1) was purchased directly from the commercial house and another imported kit that a simple view did not seem to meet the quality standards of a correct packaging (group 2). In the SEM analysis, very different morphological characteristics were observed between both kits, group 2 presented various irregularities on the surface of the files, however, no difference was found in the EDS. Regarding the microhardness analysis, a statistically significant statistic was observed and in the EDS, higher intensity peaks were observed in terms of the Ni-Ti alloy in group 2. These results suggest that there are imported rotary instruments that despite their low cost can present characteristics very similar to authentic kits, however, physically and chemically they can result in a risk for their clinical use due to the difference between them.

Oximetría de pulso y su eficacia para diagnosticar vitalidad pulpar / Pulse oximetry and its use in diagnosing pulp vitality

Objetivo: Identificar y analizar en la literatura científica reciente el uso de la oximetría de pulso como método diagnóstico de vitalidad pulpar. Metodología: En este trabajo se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura en las plataformas de PubMed y Google Académico, en la cual se analizó el uso de la oximetría de pulso en el diagnóstico y monitoreo odontológico del estado pulpar. Resultados: Después de una exhaustiva revisión, y de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se analizaron 21 artículos. La mayoría de los trabajos consideran la oximetría de pulso un método alternativo de diagnóstico indoloro, seguro y eficaz; sin embargo, la adaptación de un instrumento de uso exclusivo odontológico es necesaria para una medición exacta de la saturación de oxígeno en la pulpa dental. Los avances tecnológicos en el campo clínico de la odontología nos han llevado a la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas clínicas para mejorar la atención y los tratamientos de los pacientes que acuden día con día a recibir una consulta odontológica. Conclusiones: En los últimos años la oximetría de pulso ha demostrado ser una herramienta de diagnóstico eficaz para el diagnóstico de la vitalidad pulpar. El análisis de los artículos incluidos en esta revisión concluye que la oximetría de pulso es una técnica innovadora que puede ser utilizada como una herramienta diagnóstica adyuvante en el diagnóstico de la vitalidad pulpar (AU)

Objective: To identify and analyze in the recent scientific literature the use of pulse oximetry as a diagnostic method for pulp vitality. Methodology: In this work, a literature review was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms in which the use of pulse oximetry in the dental diagnosis and monitoring of pulp status was analyzed. Results: After an exhaustive review and in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were analyzed. Most of the studies consider pulse oximetry an alternative method of painless, safe and effective diagnosis, however, the adaptation of an instrument for exclusive dental use is necessary for an exact measurement of the oxygen saturation in the dental pulp. Technological advances in the clinical field of dentistry have led us to search for new clinical diagnostic techniques to improve the care and treatment of patients who come every day to receive a dental consultation. Conclusions: In recent years, pulse oximetry has proven to be an effective diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of pulp vitality. The analysis of the articles included in this review concludes that pulse oximetry is an innovative technique that can be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of pulp vitality (AU)

Manejo del paciente en atención odontológica y bioseguridad del personal durante el brote de coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) / Patient management in dental care and staff biosecurity during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19)

El surgimiento de infecciones originadas por el SARS-CoV-2 en el humano ha desencadenado una serie de conflictos de salud, económicos y sociales en el entorno mundial. El área odontológica debe poseer todo el conocimiento necesario acerca de esta pandemia debido a que, como profesionales de la salud y responsables de la condición bucal de la sociedad, es de vital importancia disminuir el riesgo que presentan las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, cáncer, obesidad y otras, así como de los adultos mayores para que no generen un problema de salud severo y que además puedan ser asociadas con la presencia del COVID-19. Es importante conocer cuáles son las pautas por considerar en la práctica odontológica para una atención odontológica oportuna y eficaz manteniendo la bioseguridad del personal de salud. Por lo tanto, se genera esta guía de atención odontológica basada en la evidencia científica publicada para el conocimiento y dominio del profesional de salud oral (AU)

The emergence of human infections caused by SRAS-CoV-2 has triggered a series of health, economic and social conflicts in the global environment. The dental area must have all the necessary knowledge about this pandemic because, as a health professional and responsible for the oral condition of society, it is vitally important to reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, cancer, obesity and others, as well as older adults so that they do not generate a health problem and that may also be associated with the presence of COVID-19. It is important to know the problems of the guidelines to consider in dental practice for effective dental care and biosafety of health personnel. Therefore, this dental care guide is generated based on published scientific evidence for the knowledge and domain of the oral health professional (AU)

Nutritional and Oral Health Conditions in High School Students / Condiciones de salud oral y nutricional en estudiantes de secundaria

ABSTRACT To describe the relationship of oral diseases and nutritional status in high school students. A total of 203 high school students were evaluated nutritionally and orally according to the World Health Organization (WHO). A descriptive analysis, frequency, average tables, and a statistical analysis (Spearman correlation test) were performed with SPSS ver. 22 statistical software for Windows. Nutritionally, 146 students showed a normal Body Mass Index (BMI), six had malnutrition, 41 had overweight, and 10 had obesity. In the oral evaluation, the average number of caries was 3.08 ± 2.78, malnutrition showed 3.6, overweight 2.75, and obesity, 2.9. The risk of caries can be increases the greater the age, height, weight, skin-fold thickness, and periodontal disease. There is no significant statistical correlation between oral diseases and nutritional issues; however, qualitative analyses of patients with dental loss or oral diseases express significant deficiencies in their nutritional health.

RESUMEN Describir la relación de enfermedades orales y estado nutricional en estudiantes de secundaria. Se evaluaron nutricionalmente y oralmente de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud a 203 estudiantes de secundaria. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, frecuencia, tablas de promedio y un análisis estadístico (prueba de correlación de Spearman) con el software SPSS versión 22 para Windows. Nutricionalmente 146 estudiantes mostraron un índice de masa corporal normal, 6 con malnutrición, 41 con sobrepeso y 10 con obesidad. En la evaluación oral el promedio de caries fue de 3.08 ± 2.78, desnutrición mostró 3.6, sobrepeso 2.75 y obesidad 2.9. A mayor edad, altura, peso, grosor de los pliegues cutáneos y la enfermedad periodontal el riesgo aumenta. No existe una correlación estadística significativa entre enfermedades orales con cuestiones nutricionales, sin embargo, los análisis cualitativos de pacientes con pérdida dental o enfermedades orales expresan deficiencias importantes en su salud nutricional.

Randomized Clinical Trials in Pediatric Dentistry: Application of Evidence-Based Dentistry through the CONSORT Statement.

In order to include appropriate informed decisions on dental therapeutic or preventive procedures in children, Pediatric Dentists should apply the fundamentals of "Evidence-Based Dentistry" (EBD). This oral health approach assists clinicians in understanding and applying the most relevant research published on evidence in the clinical setting when treating their patients. One of the crucial steps of EBD is to critically appraise and use the primary articles about therapy or prevention, namely, Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT), the study design that best addresses the questions related with these clinical areas. The aim of the present paper was to provide the basic concepts and an example of how to critically read and understand articles on RCT studies in Pediatric Dentistry employing the CONSORT statement, a process that involves assessing the reliability of results, risk of bias (internal validity), and applicability of reported clinical findings (external validity).

Trans-Endodontic Zirconium Oxide Implants: A Clinical Alternative / Implantes trans-endodónticos de óxido de zirconia: Una alternativa clínica

Abstract 24. Dental trauma, mainly from the anterior area of the mouth in the incisor teeth at the level of the radicular third, has the extraction of the dental organ as an elective treatment, depending on the severity of the lesion and the site where it presented. This paper reports two cases: one in a young 13-year-old male patient with dental trauma in central incisors, and another in an 18-year-old female patient with radicular reabsorption in central incisors. Both were treated using trans-endodontic implants on teeth 2.1 and 1.1-2.2 each case, respectively. The treatment approach proposed for each case provided good functional and esthetic outcomes. Clinical and radiographic results after 1 year were successful.

Resumen 28. El traumatismo dental del área anterior de la boca en los dientes incisivos a nivel del tercio radicular, indica la extracción del órgano dental como un tratamiento electivo dependiendo de la gravedad de la lesión y el sitio donde se presentó. Este artículo reporta dos casos: uno en un paciente masculino joven de 13 años con trauma dental en los incisivos centrales y otro en una paciente de 18 años con reabsorción radicular en los incisivos centrales. Ambos fueron tratados con implantes trans-endodónticos en los dientes 2.1 y 1.1-2.2 en cada caso, respectivamente. El enfoque de tratamiento propuesto para cada caso proporcionó buenos resultados funcionales y estéticos. Los resultados clínicos y radiográficos después de 1 año fueron exitosos.

Pediatric Dental Care in Fanconi Anemia: A Case Report / Cuidado dental pediátrico en paciente con anemia de Fanconi: Reporte de un caso

ABSTRACT Fanconi Anemia (FA) is an autosomal-recessive genetic disease that is linked to Chromosome X, which is reported in studies with pancytopenia, congenital malformations, and a predisposition to develop cancer. FA 1,360,000 births, and is a condition that occurs in heterozygous subjects in 0.5% of the population. In Mexico, there are, to our knowledge, no epidemiological data on FA, and it is thought that many cases are underdiagnosed. This document reports the clinical case of a patient diagnosed with FA who the cardinal signs of this rare pathology. The pediatric approach involved was performed with a preventive and restorative approach, in addition to the design and placement of a palatal shutter. After a follow-up of more than 12 months, a significant reduction in the recurrence of infections, such as otitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis, was observed, suggesting a positive influence of the use of the obturator. In turn with the latter, there was a lower need for transfusions, which may also be related to control of the foci of the infection. The pediatric approach employed in to patients with FA may have significant repercussions on both quality of life and on their patients' general systemic condition, although this is scarcely verifiable due to the rarity of this pathology.

RESUMEN La anemia de Fanconi es una enfermedad genética, autosómica recesiva, ligada al cromosoma X, la cual cursa con pancitopenia, malformaciones congénitas y predisposición a desarrollar cáncer. Afecta a 1:360,000 nacimientos, es un padecimiento que se presenta en sujetos heterocigotos en el 0.5% de la población, en México no existen datos epidemiológicos y se cree que muchos casos se encuentran sub diagnosticados. En el presente documento se reporta el caso clínico de una paciente con diagnóstico de Anemia de Fanconi, que presenta los signos cardinales de esta rara patología. Se realizó el abordaje odontopediátrico con un enfoque preventivo y restaurador, además del diseño y colocación de un obturador palatino. Tras un seguimiento mayor a 12 meses se logró observar una reducción importante en la recurrencia de infecciones como otitis, amigdalitis y faringitis, lo que sugiere una influencia positiva del uso del obturador, y a su vez se pudo constatar una menor necesidad de transfusiones, lo cual puede también estar relacionado con el control de los focos de infección. El abordaje odontopediátrico dirigido a pacientes con Anemia de Fanconi puede tener repercusiones importantes tanto en la calidad de vida como en su condición sistémica general, aunque esto es difícilmente comprobable debido la rareza de dicha patología.

Chemical and Microscopy Characterization of Trans-Endodontic Implants / Caracterización química y microscópica de implantes trans-endodónticos

Abstract Trans-endodontic implants are an artificial extension through root apex anchored in periradicular bone tissue. The aim is to improve the crown-root ratio and to provide stability to dental organ present. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is a material of great technological importance, having good natural color, high strength, high toughness, high chemical stability, does not suffer any corrosion, chemical and microbial resistance and excellent esthetic properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical and microscopy of surface conditions of ZrO2 trans-endodontic implant. Materials and Methods: A blocks of ZrO2 were manufactured for produce trans-endodontic implants and divided in two groups: monoclinic and tetragonal phase. They were evaluated using Scanning Electroning Microscope (SEM), EnergyDispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Vickers Micro hardness. Results: The Monoclinic phase through AFM analysis showed roughness Ra = 0.320μm, whereas in the Tetragonal phase was 0.126μm, SEM/EDX indicated that the phases are not properly uniform and the addition of the Yttrium to favor the stabilization of the Tetragonal phase. The Vickers hardness analysis showed a value of 1500HV. Conclusion: The characterization of the surface of trans-endodontic zirconium oxide implants provides a guideline to know the surface characteristics of the material, since a greater roughness on the surface of the implant will favor the Osseo-integration capacity.

Resumen Los implantes trans-endodónticos son una extensión artificial a través del ápice radicular anclado en el tejido óseo periradicular. El objetivo es mejorar la relación corona-raíz y proporcionar estabilidad al órgano dental presente. El óxido de zirconio (ZrO2) es un material de gran importancia tecnológica, con buen color natural, alta resistencia, alta tenacidad, alta estabilidad química, no sufre corrosión, resistencia química y microbiana y excelentes propiedades estéticas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las condiciones superficiales de ZrO2 para su aplicación clínica a los implantes transendodónticos. Materiales y Métodos: se trituraron bloques de ZrO2 en implantes trans-endodónticos y se dividieron en: monoclínico y tetragonal. Luego se evaluaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), espectroscopia de rayos X de energía dispersiva (EDS) y microscopio de fuerza atómica (AFM) y microdureza vickers. Resultados: La fase monoclínica a través del análisis AFM presenta Ra = 0.320 μm, mientras que en la fase Tetragonal es 0.126 μm, SEM / EDS muestra que las fases no son adecuadamente uniformes y la adición del Ytrio para favorecer la estabilización de la fase tetragonal. El análisis de microdureza mostro un valor de 1500HV. Conclusión: La caracterización de la superficie de los implantes trans-endodónticos de óxido de zirconio, brinda una pauta para conocer las características superficiales del material, ya que al haber una mayor rugosidad en la superficie del implante se verá favorecida la capacidad de oseointegración.

Analgesic efficacy of preoperative dexketoprofen trometamol: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Post-Market Research Clinical evidence supports the use of dexketoprofen trometamol (DEX) to manage acute postoperative pain. However, controversies surround the impact of the use of this drug in preoperative analgesic protocols. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of the preoperative administration of DEX under postoperative pain conditions. Electronic and manual searches were conducted through diverse electronic databases. A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the preoperative administration of DEX was performed including Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) published between 2002 and 2017. Suitable individual studies were evaluated through a quality system, and the data were extracted and analyzed. Fourteen RTCs were included (12 parallel trials and 2 cross-over trials), published in the English and Turkish languages. Follow-up periods ranged from 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 hr. All trials measured the outcome result as Acute Pain Level (APL) (VAS, NRS, VRS), time to requiring a second dose of DEX or analgesic emergency and consumption of opioids via patient-controlled analgesia. When the comparators were other drugs - paracetamol, Lornoxicam or placebo during the preoperative time, preoperative administration of DEX was superior. When the comparison comprised preoperative and postoperative DEX, both alternatives exhibited comparable analgesic effects. The analgesic efficacy of the preoperative administration of DEX when compared to placebo, lornoxicam, and paracetamol on postoperative pain was evident. Preoperative administration of DEX compared to its immediate postoperative administration showed a similar analgesic effect.

Aggressive Periodontitis and its Multidisciplinary Focus: Review of the Literature

he purpose of this review is to have a current prospect of periodontal diseases and, in particular, aggressive periodontitis. To know its classification and clinical characteristics, such as the extent and age group affected, as well as its distribution in the population, etiology, genetic variations, among other factors that could affect the development of this disease. Also, reference is made to different diagnostic options and, likewise, the current treatment options.

l propósito de esta revisión es tener un panorama actual de las enfermedades periodontales y, en particular, de la periodontitis agresiva. Conocer su clasificación y características clínicas, como la extensión y grupo etario afectado, así como su distribución en la población, etiología, variaciones genéticas, entre otros factores que pudiesen afectar el desarrollo de dicha enfermedad. Así mismo, se hace referencia a distintas opciones de diagnóstico y, de igual forma, las opciones de tratamiento actuales.

Revistas Odontológicas de Mayor Impacto: Una Revisión de su Comportamiento en el Journal Citation Reports / The Highest Impact Dentistry Journals: A Review of their Performance in the Journal Citation Reports

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, describir y analizar las revistas odontológicas indexadas en el Journal of Citation Report. Estudio observacional, descriptivo de cohorte transversal sobre las revistas incluidas en la categoría "Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine" del Journal Citation Reports, edición 2015, realizada durante el periodo Octubre - Noviembre 2016. Las variables incluidas en el estudio fueron: ranking de las revistas, titulo, factor de impacto, área temática, país de procedencia, editorial, número de artículos y de citas durante el último año, eigenfactor score y article influence score. Se empleó estadística descriptiva para su análisis. Fueron incluidas 91 revistas en el Journal Citation Reports en su última versión disponible. Periodontology 2000 es la revista con mejor ranking y factor de impacto 4,949. Odontología General es el área temática con mayor número de registros con 22. Estados Unidos posee 31 títulos de revistas. Wiley-Blackwell es la casa editorial más representativa con 24 revistas. Se publicaron 376 artículos en el Journal of Oral Maxilofacial Surgery, mientras que el Journal of Dental Research recibió 16.401 citas. Es necesario que los odontólogos conozcan las características de las revistas incluidas en el Journal Citation Reports con el propósito de realizar una adecuada selección al momento de enviar los resultados de sus investigaciones.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to identify, describe and analyze the dental journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports. Observational, cross - sectional descriptive study on the journals included in the "Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine" category of the Journal Citation Reports, 2015 edition, during the period October - November 2016. The variables in the study were: ranking of journals, title, impact factor, subject area, country of origin, editorial, number of articles and citations during the last year, eigenfactor score and article influence score. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. In its latest available version 91 journals were included in the Journal Citation Reports. Periodontology 2000 is the journal with the best ranking and impact factor 4.949. General Dentistry is the subject area with the highest number of records with 22. The United States has 31 journal titles. Wiley-Blackwell is the most representative publishing with 24 journals. There were 376 articles published in the Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, while the Journal of Dental Research received 16,401 citations. It is necessary that dentists to know the characteristics of the journals included in the Journal Citation Reports in order to make an appropriate selection when sending the results of their research.

Automatic Electronic Device Used for the Evaluation of Cyclic-Fatigue Resistance of Nickel-Titanium Instruments

he aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic-fatigue fracture of different Nickel-Titanium motor-driven rotary instruments (ProTaper® Universal, ProFile®, and Mtwo® systems) in artificial canals by means of an Automatic Electronic Device (AED). The study was performed using NickelTitanium instruments 25/0.06 evaluated in canals with a 45-degree curvature and 2-mm radius. The analyses evaluated two parameters: fracture by cyclic fatigue, and time of fracture; in addition, the length of separated fragment was evaluated. Medians and range values were calculated for each group. Data were analyzed by the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests to determine statistical difference. The ProFile motor-driven rotator system exhibited highest resistance to fracture due to cyclic fatigue and highest fracture time compared with the ProTaper and Mtwo systems (p <0.05). The equipment proposed in this study (AED) demonstrated efficiency for recording information, automation, scheduled work times and durations, cycle number, time of fracture, pressure changes and, principally control of the human factor.

l objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la fractura a la fatiga cíclica de diferentes instrumentos rotatorios de Niquel-Titanio (sistemas ProTaper® Universal, ProFile® y Mtwo®) en conductos artificiales por medio de un Dispositivo Electrónico Automático (DEA). Se usaron instrumentos de Niquel-Titanio 25/0.06, los cuales se evaluaron en conductos con una curvatura de 45 grados y 2 milímetros de radio. Se analizaron dos parámetros: Fractura a la fatiga cíclica y tiempo a la fractura; además se evaluó la longitud del fragmento separado. Medianas y rangos fueron calculados para cada uno de los grupos. Los resultados fueron analizados por las pruebas de Kruskall-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney para determinar diferencias estadísticas. El Sistema ProFile mostró una mayor resistencia y tiempo a la fractura en comparación con los sistemas ProTaper y Mtwo (p <0.05). El equipo propuesto en este estudio (DEA) demostró eficiencia para el registro de la información, tiempos de trabajo y duración, número de ciclos, tiempo a la fractura, cambios en la presión y principalmente control del factor humano.

Chemical treatment of the intra-canal dentin surface: a new approach to modify dentin hydrophobicity.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the hydrophobicity of dentin surfaces that were modified through chemical silanization with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: An in vitro experimental study was performed using 40 human permanent incisors that were divided into the following two groups: non-silanized and silanized. The specimens were pretreated and chemically modified with OTS. After the chemical modification, the dentin hydrophobicity was examined using a water contact angle measurement (WCA). The effectiveness of the modification of hydrophobicity was verified by the fluid permeability test (FPT). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences were found in the values of WCA and FPT between the two groups. After silanization, the hydrophobic intraradicular dentin surface exhibited in vitro properties that limit fluid penetration into the sealed root canal. This chemical treatment is a new approach for improving the sealing of the root canal system.

Chemical treatment of the intra-canal dentin surface: a new approach to modify dentin hydrophobicity

Objective: This study evaluated the hydrophobicity of dentin surfaces that were modified through chemical silanization with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Material and Methods: An in vitro experimental study was performed using 40 human permanent incisors that were divided into the following two groups: non-silanized and silanized. The specimens were pretreated and chemically modified with OTS. After the chemical modification, the dentin hydrophobicity was examined using a water contact angle measurement (WCA). The effectiveness of the modification of hydrophobicity was verified by the fluid permeability test (FPT). Results and Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found in the values of WCA and FPT between the two groups. After silanization, the hydrophobic intraradicular dentin surface exhibited in vitro properties that limit fluid penetration into the sealed root canal. This chemical treatment is a new approach for improving the sealing of the root canal system.